Tuesday, April 29, 2014

Conjugating "i" Adjectives

Apologies that the "tabs" function does not translate well into blog posts. Please ignore the seemingly "clickable" kanji. In the original they include "furigana"


"i" Adjectives and How They Conjugate

Notes:

"i" adjectives, not to be confused with "na" adjectives, can be conjugated like verbs. The rule is, ALWAYS, drop the final "i" (many end in a double "i" -- you do not drop both, but just the last "i") and modify the adjective according to how you want to conjugate it. In general, "ku" is the bridge except for the past, when is becomes "katta." The "ku" by itself generally converts the adjective into an adverb, as in "hayai" (fast, early) becoming "hayaku," meaning "quickly," but many adjectives cannot become adverbs ("bigly"??). Nevertheless, the "ku" suffix becomes the "bridge" to making the continual -- "hayakute" means "is fast, and ~" and also makes the bridge for the negative "kunai" as in "hayakunai" (is not quick) and negative past, "kunakatta" as in "hayakunakatta," or "was not quick."

To make a simple past, "ku" is not used, but "katta" is substituted: "hayakatta" meaning "was quick." This is highly regular and there are no exceptions.

Adjective Meaning "ku" Form

大きい ookii big ookiku

小さい chiisai small chiisaku

少ない sukunai few sukunaku

寒い samui cold samuku

厚い atsui hot atsuku

遠い tōi far tōku

近い chikai nearby chikaku

新しい atarashii new atarashiku

古い furui old furuku

長い nagai long nagaku

短い mijikai short mijijkaku

恐ろしい osoroshii horrific osoroshiku

楽しい tanoshii fun tanoshiku

うるさい urusai noisy, annoying urusaku

難しい muzukashii difficult muzukashiku

かわいい kawaii cute kawaiku

醜い minikui ugly minuku

面白い omoshiroi interesting omoshiroku

しょうもない shōmonai boring shōmonaku

=======================================================

 - ku => -kunai - isn't 寒くない is not cold

 - ku => -katta - was 寒かった was cold

 - ku => -kunakatta - wasn't 寒くなかった wasn't cold

 - ku => -kute - is ~ and ~ 寒くて is cold, and

Sunday, April 27, 2014

Why One Student Is Enough To Carry On

Everyone gets discouraged. Beaten down again and again . . . well, I've seen it happen to animals -- specifically my cat, Pika. Her name means, in Japanese, "spark," or "flash."

Nothing could be more accurate. I remember I gave her the name the evening I got her . . . now I can't imagine any other name.

But she trusts me. She ALWAYS trusts that I will be there to give her her "treat," every morning, every evening . . . even if I yelled at her for getting up on the desk earlier.

I only need one student who trusts that I will "Get them there."

Get them there I will, and way more than that.

Pika is now, one year later almost to the day, very fat and very happy . . . .

おめでとごあじます、ネコちゃん!






Thursday, April 10, 2014

One-Point Lesson: Asking for Stuff

Asking For Things

Kanji/kana Romaji   English -te form
手伝う         Tetsudau   to Help (receive assistance) testudatte
助ける         Tasukeru   to Help (receive aid) tasukete
伺う                  Ukagau   to Inquire ukagaite
貰う                 Morau   to Receive moratte
見る                 Miru      to See mite
貸す                 Kasu      to Lend kashite
借りる         Kariru   to Borrow karite
上げる         Ageru   to Give (upwards) agete
くれる         Kureru   to be Given (from a superior) kurete

There are several ways to ask for things. Usually, each verb has its own manner of sentence construction, but these auxiliary add ons can be applied to all sorts of verbs, not just these.

The "ageru / kureru" Construction

The verb "kureru" simply means to receive, to be given, and is the opposite of the verb "ageru," which means "to give," usually from an inferior to a superior as determined by Japanese social hierarchical structures.

Thus, a younger person will "ageru" something to an older person -- either something material, as in a gift, or immaterial, as in a favor.

When this construction is used, the verb "ageru" is attached to the "-te" form of the verb:

ジョンは田中さんに本を貸して上げた。
John wa Tanaka-san ni hon o kashite-ageta.
John loaned Miss Tanaka the book (did the favor of loaning Miss Tanaka a book)

田中さんはジョンから本を借りてくれた。
Tanaka-san wa John kara hon o karite-kureta.
Miss Tanaka borrowed the book from John (received the favor of being loaned the book by John)

マシュウさんを手伝って上げようか?
Mathieu-san o tetsudatte-ageyō ka?
Do you need any help? (Shall I help Mr. Mathieu?)

ちょっと手伝ってくれませんか?
Chotto tetsudatte kuremasen ka?
Could you give me a hand here? (Couldn't you help me?)

Other Constructions

お伺いしたいんですけど。。。
O-ukagai shitai'n desukedo . . .
Yes, I have a question for you . . . (I would humbly like to make an inquiry, please . . . )* 

*to a stranger, perhaps on the phone -- learn this phrase by rote, as it never changes

-te mo ii? Construction
~te mo ii? just means "is it okay if I ~?"

それを見てもいいですか?
Sore o mitemo ii desu ka?
Could I take a look at that? (Is it okay if I look at that?)

これ食べていいの?
Kore tabete ii no?
Can I eat this? (Is it okay if I eat this?)*

*Very friendly - note that the "mo" is dropped entirely and "ka" changes to the friendly "no"




Wednesday, April 9, 2014

They Didn't All Go Away

 F   or a while there, maybe a period of two months or so, I didn't get a single inquiry about Japanese lessons. That was a bit discouraging. I have to admit, Montreal is not a real hotspot with loads of people who want to learn Japanese, but what surprises me is how many of my students are francophone. (Is that capitalized? I never know).

Out of the perhaps thirty or so students I've had since I started, I maybe had three who were anglophone -- one was Mainland Chinese and two were even Japanese themselves! These last three were utter disasters, for completely different reasons. The Chinese fellow, in his thirties, spoke English pretty well but it never seemed to register with him when I told him that for him, half the battle was already in the bag, because he could read and write any Japanese kanji on the planet.

But he didn't seem to view this as an advantage at all. He kept repeating "Waa, Japanese is so difficult!" so many times that I was genuinely glad when he stopped showing up. The second was a young Japanese-Canadian, at McGill, who purportedly wanted to "brush up on various parts of Japanese that I'm still not that great at." Needless to say, his spoken Japanese was native-speaker level -- he certainly didn't need my help. But the clincher came when he showed up three hours late for a meticulously planned (by me) sushi and saké feast which I had spent considerable amounts of money on.

He had absolutely no excuse other than "I didn't realize it was so late." <sound_of_boot_in_rear>*Whap*</sound_of_boot_in_rear>.

The third guy was the oddest Japanese man I'd ever met. Also in this thirties, he was married to a Russian woman and had two kids -- he wanted to learn English. For the first two lessons he brought along a tape recorder. That's the spirit! thought I. But his accent in English was atrocious so I thought we'd start with that. When I pointed out that his pronunciation of the word "further" could not be distinguished from his pronunciation of the word "father," and how that could lead to, umm, some difficulties later on, he agreed to go through the kana syllabary (alphabet), correcting his pronunciation along the way. I thought we were doing very well -- I managed to get him to wrap his tongue around the word "World" so that it didn't sound like he was saying "Waldo," but he obviously did not like my inference that his pronunciation was atrocious and needed to be tackled before we learned a single word of English. Let's chalk it up to "Too many people falsely praising his English ability" because he certainly didn't feel that he had any problems with his pronunciation.

As they say, "denial" is not a large river in Egypt.

Never saw him again.

But the others -- as I said, almost all francophone -- were the most willing to learn and the hardest workers to try to get ahead. They all dropped out for various reasons -- most of them probably because they had underestimated the vast undertaking that was learning a completely alien language from scratch.

But lately, I've been getting students that stick. All francophone, and all so good-humored (as are most French Montrealers) that they're a joy to teach, and frankly, a couple of whom I would pay THEM to come learn Japanese, teaching and talking to them was so much fun. (That was a horribly mangled sentence, grammar-wise, and I apologize for it in retrospect.)

And I have a new young man coming this week who is already looking like a delightful bundle of joy to come. He cheerfully admitted that he'd just broken up with someone and consequently had "a lot of time to kill."

That is one of my most favorite-ever reasons told to me by someone wanting to learn a vast, complicated language from scratch. Believe it or not, these "laissez-faire" guys almost always turn out to be my best students, because a) they have fantastic senses of humor and b) don't have any pedantic notions of how to learn a language.

So far, the balance has mainly been students who hardly knew a single word of Japanese to some who were better at it than me (hate to say it, but that's rare around here) but strangely, hardly anyone in between.

So to new signer-on Ben, whose screen name is "Montreal Geek Dude" I just cannot fucking WAIT to meet you.

By now the folder on my computer desktop called "Japanese Lessons" is groaning under its own weight -- over a year of accumulated tutorials, vocabulary lists, kanji theories and a whole lot else, all written by me and not copied from a book.

Who knows -- maybe one day I'll actually make a book out of it. Meanwhile, all you lurkers out there, come on down and join the fun!  I will be glad to teach you the meaning of "Nani menchi kiton jaa, kono gaki yarrrōō!!!!" Just please, PLEASE don't try it on your Japanese waitress before consulting me.